UNIT 1
🌱 Natural Resources &
Sustainable Utilization
Land Utilization
1.
Land capability classification is based on:
A. Climate only
B. Soil quality and limitations ✅
C. Population density
D. Rainfall only
2.
Multiple cropping refers to:
A. Single crop per year
B. Intensive land use ✅
C. Forest farming
D. Grazing
3.
Shifting cultivation is known as:
A. Terrace farming
B. Mixed farming
C. Slash and burn agriculture ✅
D. Dry farming
4.
Main objective of land utilization planning:
A. Industrial growth
B. Sustainable productivity ✅
C. Urbanization
D. Mining
Soil Degradation & Management
5.
Wind erosion is common in:
A. Humid regions
B. Arid regions ✅
C. Mountains
D. Wetlands
6.
Salinization occurs due to:
A. Low rainfall
B. Excess irrigation ✅
C. Deforestation
D. Mining
7.
Loss of topsoil is called:
A. Leaching
B. Soil erosion ✅
C. Weathering
D. Sedimentation
8.
Contour ploughing helps in:
A. Increasing rainfall
B. Reducing erosion ✅
C. Increasing salinity
D. Crop rotation
9.
Overgrazing causes:
A. Soil fertility
B. Land degradation ✅
C. Irrigation
D. Afforestation
10.
Soil fertility is improved by:
A. Chemicals only
B. Organic manure ✅
C. Burning
D. Mining
Restoration of Degraded Lands
11.
Afforestation leads to:
A. Pollution
B. Land restoration ✅
C. Erosion
D. Desertification
12.
Bioremediation uses:
A. Chemicals
B. Microorganisms ✅
C. Machines
D. Radiation
13.
Reclamation of saline soil is done by:
A. Lime
B. Gypsum ✅
C. Sand
D. Water
14.
Agroforestry promotes:
A. Deforestation
B. Sustainable land use ✅
C. Urban growth
D. Mining
💧 Water & Wetlands
15.
Major freshwater source:
A. Oceans
B. Groundwater ✅
C. Atmosphere
D. Soil
16.
Eutrophication is due to:
A. Oxygen loss
B. Nutrient enrichment ✅
C. Pollution removal
D. Cooling
17.
Water scarcity is caused by:
A. Rainfall
B. Over-exploitation ✅
C. Rivers
D. Lakes
Wetlands & Ramsar Sites
18.
Wetlands function as:
A. Pollutants
B. Natural filters ✅
C. Dry lands
D. Deserts
19.
Ramsar Convention year:
A. 1960
B. 1971 ✅
C. 1980
D. 1990
20.
Wetlands help in:
A. Industrial growth
B. Biodiversity conservation ✅
C. Mining
D. Urbanization
21.
Ramsar sites are:
A. Forest areas
B. Wetlands of international importance ✅
C. Deserts
D. Mountains
22.
India joined Ramsar Convention in:
A. 1971
B. 1982 ✅
C. 1992
D. 2000
23.
Chilika Lake is in:
A. Gujarat
B. Odisha ✅
C. Kerala
D. Tamil Nadu
🌳 Forests
24.
Timber is a:
A. Minor product
B. Major forest product ✅
C. Waste product
D. Fuel
25.
Gum and resin are:
A. Major products
B. Minor forest products ✅
C. Waste
D. Fossil fuels
26.
Deforestation leads to:
A. Biodiversity increase
B. Biodiversity loss ✅
C. Soil formation
D. Rainfall
27.
Biological invasion means:
A. Soil erosion
B. Entry of alien species ✅
C. Rainfall
D. Mining
28.
Invasive species example:
A. Neem
B. Parthenium ✅
C. Mango
D. Wheat
⚡ Energy Resources
29.
Solar energy is:
A. Non-renewable
B. Renewable ✅
C. Exhaustible
D. Fossil
30.
Coal is:
A. Renewable
B. Non-renewable ✅
C. Infinite
D. Solar
31.
Wind energy is produced by:
A. Panels
B. Turbines ✅
C. Reactors
D. Cells
32.
Petroleum is formed from:
A. Rocks
B. Fossil remains ✅
C. Water
D. Air
33.
Biogas contains mainly:
A. Oxygen
B. Methane ✅
C. Nitrogen
D. CO₂
♻️ Contemporary Resource
Management
34.
Sustainable development means:
A. Industrial growth
B. Future-safe development ✅
C. Mining
D. Urbanization
35.
Rainwater harvesting is for:
A. Pollution
B. Water conservation ✅
C. Flooding
D. Irrigation only
36.
Watershed management deals with:
A. Forest only
B. Land and water use ✅
C. Air
D. Energy
37.
Recycling helps in:
A. Waste increase
B. Resource depletion reduction ✅
C. Pollution increase
D. Mining
38.
Green technology focuses on:
A. Industry
B. Environment protection ✅
C. Mining
D. Transport
39.
Carbon footprint measures:
A. Water use
B. Greenhouse gas emission ✅
C. Soil quality
D. Energy use
40.
Organic farming avoids:
A. Water
B. Chemical fertilizers ✅
C. Crops
D. Soil
Competitive MCQs
🌱 Land Utilization &
Soil Degradation
1.
Land capability classification (LCC) system was
developed by:
A. FAO
B. USDA ✅
C. UNEP
D. ICAR
2.
Which factor is NOT considered in land use
planning?
A. Soil type
B. Climate
C. Market demand
D. Planetary motion ✅
3.
Laterization of soil is prominent in:
A. Arid regions
B. Tropical regions with high rainfall ✅
C. Temperate grasslands
D. Polar regions
4.
Desertification is primarily caused by:
A. Afforestation
B. Overgrazing and deforestation ✅
C. Flooding
D. Glaciation
5.
Which process leads to nutrient loss in soil?
A. Humification
B. Leaching ✅
C. Mineralization
D. Aggregation
6.
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)
estimates:
A. Soil fertility
B. Soil erosion rate ✅
C. Crop yield
D. Water table
7.
Gully erosion is most severe in:
A. Flat lands
B. Steep slopes with loose soil ✅
C. Wetlands
D. Forest areas
🌿 Restoration &
Management
8.
Phytoremediation involves:
A. Microbes
B. Plants ✅
C. Chemicals
D. Animals
9.
Mycorrhiza helps in:
A. Soil erosion
B. Nutrient absorption ✅
C. Water pollution
D. Salinity
10.
Which is best for reclaiming alkaline soil?
A. Gypsum
B. Lime ✅
C. Sand
D. Compost
💧 Water Resources &
Wetlands
11.
Maximum freshwater on Earth is stored in:
A. Rivers
B. Groundwater
C. Glaciers ✅
D. Lakes
12.
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) indicates:
A. Oxygen production
B. Organic pollution level ✅
C. Salinity
D. Temperature
13.
Eutrophication results in:
A. Increased oxygen
B. Algal bloom ✅
C. Clear water
D. Reduced nutrients
14.
Wetlands are termed as “Kidneys of landscape”
because they:
A. Store water
B. Filter pollutants ✅
C. Produce oxygen
D. Support agriculture
15.
Ramsar Convention mainly deals with:
A. Forests
B. Wetlands conservation ✅
C. Climate change
D. Wildlife trade
16.
Montreux Record is related to:
A. Forest degradation
B. Threatened Ramsar sites ✅
C. Desertification
D. Energy resources
🌳 Forests &
Biological Invasion
17.
Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is highest in:
A. Deserts
B. Tropical rainforests ✅
C. Tundra
D. Grasslands
18.
Which is NOT a minor forest product?
A. Resin
B. Bamboo
C. Timber ✅
D. Lac
19.
“Edge effect” in forests refers to:
A. Soil erosion
B. Increased biodiversity at boundaries ✅
C. Tree cutting
D. Water loss
20.
Which invasive species affects Indian
agriculture severely?
A. Azadirachta indica
B. Parthenium hysterophorus ✅
C. Oryza sativa
D. Triticum aestivum
⚡ Energy Resources
21.
The most efficient renewable energy source is:
A. Wind
B. Solar
C. Hydropower ✅
D. Biomass
22.
Energy crisis is mainly due to:
A. Renewable resources
B. Overdependence on fossil fuels ✅
C. Forest growth
D. Rainfall
23.
Nuclear energy is based on:
A. Fusion
B. Fission ✅
C. Combustion
D. Radiation only
24.
The calorific value of fuel indicates:
A. Density
B. Energy content ✅
C. Weight
D. Volume
25.
Biogas slurry is used as:
A. Fuel
B. Fertilizer ✅
C. Pollutant
D. Waste
♻️ Contemporary Resource
Management
26.
“Tragedy of the Commons” concept was given by:
A. Darwin
B. Garrett Hardin ✅
C. Malthus
D. Odum
27.
Sustainable yield means:
A. Maximum harvest
B. Continuous use without depletion ✅
C. One-time use
D. Overuse
28.
Watershed management aims at:
A. Industrial growth
B. Soil and water conservation ✅
C. Mining
D. Urbanization
29.
Carbon credit is related to:
A. Water conservation
B. Reduction of greenhouse gases ✅
C. Soil fertility
D. Forest cutting
30.
Circular economy promotes:
A. Waste generation
B. Recycling and reuse ✅
C. Mining
D. Deforestation
31.
Integrated Resource Management includes:
A. Single resource use
B. Multi-resource planning ✅
C. Only water
D. Only soil
32.
Carrying capacity refers to:
A. Population growth
B. Maximum sustainable load of environment ✅
C. Industrial capacity
D. Energy use